Liver disease progression is often characterised by stages, each reflecting the severity of liver damage and the extent of scarring (fibrosis). The stages are commonly categorised into several phases, with the most widely used classification being the Metavir system:
- Stage 0 – No Fibrosis: The liver is healthy without any signs of fibrosis or scarring.
- Stage 1 –Mild Fibrosis: Minimal fibrosis is present, indicating the beginning of liver damage. Inflammation might be present, but the liver is still largely functioning normally.
- Stage 2 – Moderate Fibrosis: Fibrosis has progressed, indicating a more significant level of liver damage. Inflammation continues to contribute to the scarring process.
- Stage 3 – Severe Fibrosis: Advanced fibrosis is present, indicating substantial liver damage. This stage may be referred to as bridging fibrosis, as fibrous bands extend and connect adjacent portal areas.
- Stage 4 – Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is the most advanced stage, characterised by extensive scarring and nodules, impacting liver function. Cirrhosis can lead to complications such as portal hypertension, liver failure, and an increased risk of liver cancer.